Application Research Progress in Biosensing and Bioimaging Based on CRISPR-Cas System

Clustered interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-CRISPR associated (Cas) system has a unique ability to cleave target nucleic acids and non-specific single-stranded nucleic acids, and has become a vital tool for gene editing and gene diagnosis in recent years. Because of its high sensitivity, high specificity and the ability to recognize single nucleotide variation, CRISPR-Cas system has been widely used in novel nucleic acid detection biosensors. First of all, the composition and classification of the CRISPR-Cas system were introduced and the development and application process of the CRISPR-Cas system were summarized in this review. On this basis, the mechanism and construction process of biosensors based on different types of CRISPR-CAS systems were introduced, and the recent research progress of biosensors based on CRISPR-Cas system were summarized, including the applications in nucleic acid detection, protein detection and metal ion detection, as well as the applications of CRISPR-CAS systems in genotyping, gene mapping, nucleic acid mutation and other biological imaging, which would provide reference for the subsequent research related to CRISPR-Cas system.