Setting and Provider Predictors of Implementation Success for an Eating Disorder Prevention Program Delivered by College Peer Educators

Introduction: College students face increased risk for a variety of mental health problems but experience barriers to treatment access. Prevention programs, including those implemented by peer educators, may decrease treatment needs and increase service access. We examined the implementation of an evidence-based eating disorder prevention program, Body Project , delivered by college peer educators at 63 colleges/universities, comparing three levels of implementation support: (1) Train-the-Trainer (TTT) training; (2) TTT plus a technical assistance workshop (TTT + TA); and (3) TTT + TA with one year of quality assurance calls (TTT + TA + QA). The present study tested the degree to which indicators proposed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) were associated with core implementation outcomes. Method: We tested whether indices of CFIR domains (i.e., perceived intervention characteristics, outer and inner setting factors, provider characteristics, and implementation process) were correlated with three implementation outcomes (program reach, fidelity, effectiveness) during a 1-year implementation period. Results: Greater program reach was associated with implementation process, specifically the completion of more implementation activities (β = 0.46). Greater program fidelity was associated with higher positive (β = 0.44) and lower negative (β = − 0.43) perceptions of the Body Project characteristics, and greater reported general support for evidence-based practices (β = 0.41). Greater effectiveness was associated with lower negative perceptions of Body Project characteristics ( d = 0.49). Conclusions: Several implementation determinants proposed by the CFIR model predicted outcomes, especially intervention fidelity. Across the outcomes of interest, implementation determinants related to peer educator and supervisor perceived characteristics of the specific intervention and general attitudes towards evidence-based practices emerged as robust predictors to inform future work investigating ongoing implementation and sustainability of programs in university settings.