RNA viruses, M satellites, chromosomal killer genes, and killer/nonkiller phenotypes in the 100-genomes S. cerevisiae strains

We characterized previously identified RNA viruses (L-A, L-BC, 20S, and 23S), L-A-dependent M satellites (M1, M2, M28, and Mlus), and M satellite-dependent killer phenotypes in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae 100-genomes genetic resource population. L-BC was present in all strains, albeit in 2 distinct levels, L-BChi and L-BClo; the L-BC level is associated with the L-BC genotype. L-BChi, L-A, 20S, 23S, M1, M2, and Mlus (M28 was absent) were in fewer strains than the similarly inherited 2 mu plasmid. Novel L-A-dependent phenotypes were identified. Ten M+ strains exhibited M satellite-dependent killing (K+) of at least 1 of the naturally M-0 and cured M-0 derivatives of the 100-genomes strains; in these M0 strains, sensitivities to K1(+), K2(+), and K28(+) strains varied. Finally, to complement our M satellite-encoded killer toxin analysis, we assembled the chromosomal KHS1 and KHR1 killer genes and used naturally M-0 and cured M-0 derivatives of the 100-genomes strains to assess and characterize the chromosomal killer phenotypes.