A tight Monte-Carlo algorithm for Steiner Tree parameterized by clique-width
CoRR(2023)
摘要
Recently, Hegerfeld and Kratsch [ESA 2023] obtained the first tight
algorithmic results for hard connectivity problems parameterized by
clique-width. Concretely, they gave one-sided error Monte-Carlo algorithms that
given a k-clique-expression solve Connected Vertex Cover in time
6^kn^O(1) and Connected Dominating Set in time 5^kn^O(1). Moreover,
under the Strong Exponential-Time Hypothesis (SETH) these results were showed
to be tight. However, they leave open several important benchmark problems,
whose complexity relative to treewidth had been settled by Cygan et al. [SODA
2011 TALG 2018]. Among which is the Steiner Tree problem. As a key
obstruction they point out the exponential gap between the rank of certain
compatibility matrices, which is often used for algorithms, and the largest
triangular submatrix therein, which is essential for current lower bound
methods. Concretely, for Steiner Tree the GF(2)-rank is 4^k, while no
triangular submatrix larger than 3^k was known. This yields time
4^kn^O(1), while the obtainable impossibility of time
(3-ε)^kn^O(1) under SETH was already known relative to pathwidth.
We close this gap by showing that Steiner Tree can be solved in time
3^kn^O(1) given a k-clique-expression. Hence, for all parameters between
cutwidth and clique-width it has the same tight complexity. We first show that
there is a “representative submatrix” of GF(2)-rank 3^k (ruling out larger
triangular submatrices). At first glance, this only allows to count (modulo 2)
the number of representations of valid solutions, but not the number of
solutions (even if a unique solution exists). We show how to overcome this
problem by isolating a unique representative of a unique solution, if one
exists. We believe that our approach will be instrumental for settling further
open problems in this research program.
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关键词
steiner tree,algorithm,monte-carlo,clique-width
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