Comparison of treatment outcomes between growth-sparing instrumentation and definitive one-stage fusion for EOS patients ages 6–10 years

Purpose To compare objective outcomes for EOS patients age 6–10 years treated by growth-sparing (GS) surgery or definitive one-stage correction and fusion (DF). Methods We reviewed surgical, radiographic, PFT’s, and EOSQ-24 outcomes for EOS patients > age 6 at index surgery treated at a single institution, minimum 2-year follow-up. Neuromuscular diagnoses were excluded. Results 47 patients underwent index surgery between age 6 and 10.9 years. Twenty-one had DF, 26 had GS surgery (13 MCGR, 13 TGR). Diagnoses included 15 congenital, 15 idiopathic, 17 syndromic. Age at index was 9.1 years DF, 7.8 GS ( p < .001). Follow-up was 63–78 months. 18/26 GS cases converted to DF, 13 due to complications, which occurred in 8/21 DF cases vs 19/26 GS ( p = .016). DF patients had fewer post-index surgeries (0.6 vs 3.7, p < .001). At follow-up there were no differences in curve magnitudes, %correction, T1–12/T1-S1 segment lengths, EOSQ-24 scores or PFTs. 18 patients converting to DF after initial GS had equal outcomes as DF initially. 31 patients > age 8 at index (“tweeners”) were studied separately. 13 had GS surgery (7 MCGR), 18 had DF. At > 60 months follow-up, curve magnitudes, spine lengths, PFT’s, or EOSQ scores were equivalent. DF patients had fewer procedures and complications. Conclusion For patients age 6–10.9 years, outcomes were no different at > 5 year follow-up between DF and GS groups. DF patients had fewer total surgeries and complications. Equal outcomes also occurred for tweeners. As a result, GS treatment does not appear to benefit patients > age 8.