Variation in Treatment Charges and Reimbursement Among Individual Thoracic Surgeons

BACKGROUND Health care use and costs have undergone an increase in public scrutiny. Other specialties have evaluated practice patterns of their most highly reimbursed surgeons and found unique billing and procedure overuse. In this study, we evaluate Medicare payments to general thoracic surgeons and evaluate those with the highest reimbursements. METHODS The 2018 Medicare Provider Utilization Data were queried to identify thoracic surgeons. Services were grouped into common categories: Evaluation and Management, Lung/Pleura, Foregut, Chest Wall, Airway, Diaphragm, Mediastinum, Endoscopy, and Transplant. Payment data were analyzed for surgeons receiving the top 1% of Medicare payments and the remainder of the workforce. RESULTS In 2018, 2000 unique self -identified thoracic surgeons received a total of $54,734,736 in payments from Medicare for thoracic -related services. The top 1% of thoracic surgeons (n [ 20) received $4,607,561, or 8.4% of total payments. Inpatient Evaluation and Management was the leading payment category for the top 1% (48.5% of payments), whereas Outpatient Evaluation and Management led for the remaining workforce (43.5% of payments). Whereas the surgical procedure code with overall highest reimbursement for both groups was Current Procedural Terminology (American Medical Association) 32663 (video -assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy), there was a difference with an increased use of high relative value unit unbundled Current Procedural Terminology codes in the highest earners. CONCLUSIONS A disproportionate amount of Medicare reimbursement went to top 1%. The highest earners appeared to earn the most from inpatient treatment codes and also used unbundled codes more often. Because billing code use is not regulated and often subjective, a deeper evaluation by the major surgical societies may be warranted. (Ann Thorac Surg 2024;117:645-51) (c) 2024 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc.