Hepatocellular carcinoma, multiple primary neoplasia, and their association with diabetes type 2.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and a frequent fatal complication of chronic liver diseases in the stage of liver cirrhosis. HCC develops at a higher rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). DM2 is associated with an increased risk of developing malignant tumors. The term multiple primary neoplasia (MPN) is used to describe the occurrence of multiple primary tumors of different organs in the same individual. To the best of the authors knowledge, the topic of the association between HCC and MPN and DM2 has not been addressed in the Czech literature. Here we present the outcomes of retrospective statistical analysis of a cohort of patients with HCC who were dispensed at the Internal Medicine Clinic of the 1st Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University in the period 2011-2021 and the impact of DM2 and MPN on overall survival (OS). MPNs are relatively common in patients with HCC. The occurrence of MPNs in our cohort was associated with DM2 in half of the cases. Median OS in HCC patients was not significantly affected by the coincidence of DM2 and/or MPNs.