Establishment and clinical application evaluations of a deep mining strategy of plasma proteomics based on nanomaterial protein coronas

Research on plasma proteomics has received extensive attention, because human plasma is an important sample for disease biomarker research due to its easy clinical accessibility and richness in biological information. Plasma samples contain a large number of leaked proteins from different tissues in the body, immune proteins and communication signal proteins. However, MS signal suppression from high-abundance proteins results in a large number of proteins that are present in low abundance in plasma not being detected by the LC-MS method. This situation makes it more difficult to study neurological diseases, where tissue sampling is difficult and body fluid samples such as plasma or cerebrospinal fluid are both affected by signal suppression. A large number of methods have been developed to deeply mine plasma proteomics information; however, their application limitations remain to some extent. Traditional immuno- or affinity-based depletion, fractionation and subproteome enrichment methods cannot meet the challenges of large clinical cohort applications due to limited time efficiency.