Tangling schedules eases hardware connectivity requirements for quantum error correction
arxiv(2023)
Abstract
Quantum computers have the potential to change the way we solve computational
problems. Due to the noisy nature of qubits, the need arises to correct
physical errors occurring during computation. The surface code is a promising
candidate for such error correction that shows high threshold and which can
store a logical quantum state on hardware with square-grid connectivity, a type
of device that already exists. However, for logical quantum computation, the
measurement of some irregular, non-local stabilisers is required, and it is not
currently known how to do this without modifying the connectivity of the
hardware. Here, we present a method to achieve this, closing this gap on the
path to fault-tolerant quantum computation. We introduce a method of tangled
syndrome extraction circuits, which enables measurement of observables between
distant qubits. As an application of our tangling technique, we show how to
measure the aforementioned irregular non-local stabilisers, without physically
modifying the hardware itself. We present a concrete scheme that enables
general lattice surgery with the planar code. Therefore, tangling enables
fault-tolerant logical quantum computation using the surface code on
square-grid connectivity architectures.
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