Development of and adherence to an ERAS^? and prehabilitation protocol for patients undergoing pancreatic surgery: An observational study

Background and objective: There are still gaps in knowledge concerning the adherence to different multimodal pathways in pancreatic surgery. The aim of this trial was to explore and evaluate an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS((R))) and prehabilitation protocol in patients undergoing open pancreatic surgery.Methods: Three groups of patients were included: two prospective series of 75 patients undergoing open pancreatic surgery following an ERAS((R)) protocol with or without prehabilitation, and one group of 55 historical controls. Variables regarding adherence to, and effects of the protocols, were collected from the local database and the patients' hospital records. Patients' adherence to advice given pre-operatively was followed up using a study-specific questionnaire.Results: The patients reported high adherence to remembered advice given. The health care professionals' adherence to the various parts of the concepts varied. ERAS((R)) implementation resulted in more frequent gut motility stimulation (p < 0.001) and shorter duration of epidural anesthesia, site drains, and urinary catheter (p = 0.001). With prehabilitation, more patients were screened concerning nutritional status and prescribed preoperative training (p < 001). There was a significant change in weight before surgery, a shorter time to first flatus and a shorter length of stay after implementation of the concepts (p < 0.05). Complications were rare in all three groups and there were no significant differences between the groups.Conclusion: The implementation of an ERAS(<(R)>) and a prehabilitation protocol increased adherence to the protocols by both patients and healthcare professionals. An implementation of an ERAS((R)) protocol with and without prehabilitation decreases length of stay and may decrease preoperative weight loss and time to bowel movement.