Impact of a Didactic-Experiential Naloxone Learning Model to Improve Student Pharmacist Skills and Patient Care

Objective: To assess the impact of an integrated didactic-experiential learning model on student pharmacists' knowledge, confidence, comfort, and intention regarding provision of naloxone for patients receiving opioid therapy.Methods: An integrated didactic-experiential learning model was developed to bridge learning in the classroom and laboratory with application in the experiential setting. Student knowledge, confidence, comfort, and intentions regarding provision of naloxone services were measured via online survey at predidactic, postdidactic, and postexperiential time points, and analyzed using Friedman's analysis of variance.Results: A total of 280 first-year student pharmacists completed the baseline survey. The learning model increased student knowledge, confidence, comfort, and intention regarding naloxone services implementation. Specifically, students reported an increase in mean (SD) knowledge score from 60.85% (17.40%) in the predidactic to 81.47% (13.57%) in the postdidactic period. Similarly, mean (SD) confidence (2.49 [0.75] to 3.56 [0.45]), comfort (2.06 [0.74] to 3.57 [0.45]), and intention (3.46 [0.70] to 3.66 [0.44]) increased from pre- to postdidactic period, and these changes were maintained from postdidactic to postexperiential period.Conclusion: The didactic-experiential learning model increased student knowledge, confidence, comfort, and intentions regarding naloxone services implementation. We believe that the model fills gaps in student pharmacist education and is the first step in enhancing and sustaining community pharmacy-based naloxone services. Although this study was limited to a single college, it shows the effectiveness of linking didactic and experiential training in improving students' knowledge and skills.