Prevention of groundwater contamination from the pollutants released from dyeing industries using biochar produced from palm shell

The dyeing process is regarded as a major source of water pollution. The availability of surface water is depleted as a result of these toxic contaminants. The wastewater produced by these dyeing processes enters fresh water and contaminates both surface and groundwater. Groundwater is regarded as a major source of water for domestic and agricultural use. The current study focused on removing toxic dye molecules from wastewater to protect groundwater. The performance of biochar, a palm shell product, was evaluated in terms of its ability to decolorize the Remazol Brilliant Blue R dye (RBBR). In this continuous process, the sorption mechanism is carried out by studying impact-creating factors such as flow rate (Lh−1), RBBR dye initial concentration (mg L−1), and sorbent depth (in cm). The present research investigated the maximum sorption capacity, which was found to be 46.61 mg g−1 at a sorbent bed height of 25 cm when combined with a solute flowrate of 0.3 L h−1 and an initial RBBR dye concentration of 100 mg L−1. The removal efficiency of the RBBR was obtained as 71.57%. The elutant for the regeneration studies was 0.01 M sodium hydroxide, and the results showed a 99.4% removal efficiency.