Correlations between contrast-enhanced CT-measured extracellular volume fraction, histopathological features, and MYCN amplification status in abdominal neuroblastoma: a retrospective study

Purpose To retrospectively investigate the correlations between contrast-enhanced CT (CECT)-measured extracellular volume fraction (fECV) and histopathological features, as well as MYCN amplification status, in abdominal neuroblastoma. Materials and methods One hundred and forty-one patients with abdominal neuroblastoma who underwent CECT scanning were retrospectively enrolled. Calculation of fECV involved the measurement of CT values within regions of interest located within the neuroblastoma and aorta on both non-contrast-enhanced CT and equilibrium CECT. The correlations between fECV and various factors, including pathological subtype, mitosis karyorrhexis index (MKI), Shimada classification, MYCN amplification status, International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) stage, and risk group were analyzed using either the Mann–Whitney U test or Kruskal–Wallis test. Results Neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroblastoma exhibited fECV values of 0.349 (0.252, 0.424) and 0.438 (0.327, 0.508), respectively, indicating a statistically significant difference ( Z = 2.200, P = 0.028). Additionally, the fECV decreased significantly in neuroblastoma with high MKI ( H = 8.314, P = 0.016) or unfavorable histology ( Z = 3.880, P < 0.001), as well as in those with MYCN amplification ( Z = 5.486, P < 0.001). Notably, a significant variation in fECV was observed among different INRG stages ( H = 16.881, P <0.001) and risk groups ( H = 29.014, P < 0.001). Conclusion CECT-derived fECV is associated with histopathological features, MYCN amplification status, INRG stage, and risk stratification of abdominal neuroblastoma, reflecting a potential correlation between the extracellular matrix and the biological behavior of neuroblastoma. Graphical abstract