Metabolic syndrome criteria and severity and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions in an adult population

Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a growing risk factor of some non-communicable diseases. Increase of greenhouse gas emissions affects the planet. Aims To assess the association between MetS severity and amount of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emitted in an adult population. Design Cross-sectional study ( n = 6646; 55-76-year-old-men; 60-75-year-old-women with MetS). Methods Dietary habits were assessed using a pre-validated semi quantitative 143-item food frequency questionnaire. The amount of CO 2 emitted due to the production of food consumed by person and day was calculated using a European database, and the severity of the MetS was calculated with the MetS Severity Score. Results Higher glycaemia levels were found in people with higher CO 2 emissions. The risk of having high severe MetS was related to high CO 2 emissions. Conclusions Low CO 2 emissions diet would help to reduce MetS severity. Advantages for both health and the environment were found following a more sustainable diet. Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN89898870 . Registered 05 September 2013.