Highly Efficient Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution with Ultra-Low Loading of Strongly Adhered Pt Nanoparticles on Carbon.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)(2023)

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Abstract
The development of robust electrocatalysts with low platinum content for acidic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is paramount for large scale commercialization of proton exchange membrane electrolyzers. Herein, a simple strategy is reported to synthesize a well anchored, low Pt containing Vulcan carbon catalyst using ZnO as a sacrificial template. Pt containing ZnO (PZ) is prepared by a simultaneous borohydride reduction. PZ is then loaded onto Vulcan carbon to produce a very low Pt content electrocatalyst, PZ@VC. PZ@VC with 2 wt.% Pt shows excellent performance for acidic HER in comparison to the commercial Pt/C (20 wt.%) catalyst. PZ@VC with a very low Pt loading shows significantly low η and η values (15 and 46 mV, respectively). PZ@VC on coating with Nafion (PZ@VC-N) shows further improvement in its performance (η of 7 mV, η of 28 mV) with ≈300 h of stability (≈10 mA cm ) with only 4 µg cm . PZ@VC-N shows a record high mass activity of 71 A mg (32 times larger than Pt/C (20 wt.%) at 50 mV of overpotential. Post reaction characterizations reveal Pt nanoparticles are embedded onto VC with no traces of zinc, suggestive of a strong metal-support interaction leading to this high stability at low Pt loading.
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Key words
efficient electrochemical hydrogen evolution,adhered pt nanoparticles,hydrogen evolution
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