Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the small intestine diagnosed as a result of paraneoplastic neurological syndrome

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes, a diverse group of neurological syndromes, are associated with small cell lung, testicular, ovarian, and breast cancers; however, their association with neuroendocrine carcinoma of the small intestine remains unreported. In this report, we present the case of a 78-year-old man diagnosed with neuroendocrine carcinoma of the small intestine and experienced symptoms such as subacute progressive numbness of the extremities and impaired gait. These symptoms were diagnosed as tumor-associated neurological syndrome. The patient had also undergone pyloric gastrectomy for early-stage gastric cancer several years prior to the appearance of the neurological symptoms. Therefore, we could not determine whether the tumor-related neurologic syndrome was owing to gastric cancer or neuroendocrine carcinoma of the small intestine; however, one of these conditions was the cause of the neuropathy. The gait disturbance and numbness relatively improved after surgery for the neuroendocrine carcinoma of the small intestine, suggesting that the neuroendocrine carcinoma of the small intestine likely caused the paraneoplastic neurological syndrome. Collectively, we present a unique report highlighting the putative relationship between small bowel neuroendocrine carcinoma and tumor-associated neurologic syndromes.