Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Pelvic Floor Disorders in Female Patients with Severe Obesity: a Prospective Study

Introduction Obesity is associated with pelvic floor disorders (PFD). Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is one of the most effective weight loss methods. Although SG has been found to improve urinary incontinence (UI) and overactive bladder (OAB), its impact on fecal incontinence (FI) remains controversial. Materials and Methods This prospective, randomized study involved 60 female patients with severe obesity who were randomly assigned to two groups: the SG group and the diet group. The SG group underwent SG, while the diet group received a low-calorie, low-lipid diet for 6 months. The patients’ condition was assessed before and after the study using three questionnaires: the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (ICIQ-FLUTS), the Overactive Bladder 8-Question Awareness Tool (OAB-V8), and the Wexner Score (CCIS). Results After 6 months, the SG group had a significantly higher percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) compared to the diet group ( p <0.01). Both groups showed a decrease in the ICIQ-FLUTS, OAB-V8, and CCIS scores ( p <0.05). UI, OAB, and FI improved significantly in the SG group ( p <0.05), but no improvement was observed in the diet group ( p >0.05). The correlation between %TWL and PFD was statistically significant but weak, with the strongest correlation between %TWL and ICIQ-FLUTS score and the weakest correlation between %TWL and CCIS score ( p <0.05). Conclusions We recommend bariatric surgery for the treatment of PFD. However, given the weak correlation between %TWL and PFD after SG, further research should explore factors other than %TWL that are effective in recovery, particularly in relation to FI. Graphical abstract