Maternal hypothyroidism in rats impairs placental nutrient transporter expression, increases labyrinth zone size, and impairs fetal growth.

Placenta(2023)

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Abstract
Overall, maternal hypothyroidism may lead to FGR through reduced maternal T4 availability, changes to placental morphology, altered nutrient transporter expression and sex-specific effects on placental metabolism. Changes to LZ glycogen and triglyceride stores as well as mitochondrial content suggest a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation to anaerobic glycolysis in males. These changes also likely impact fetal substrate availability and therefore fetal growth.
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Key words
Hypothyroidism,Pregnancy,Asymmetrical fetal growth restriction,Nutrient transport,Placental metabolism
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