Kidney complications associated with COVID-19 infection and vaccination in children and adolescents: a brief review.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had spread considerably across the globe and affected numerous children and adolescents as well as adults. Despite its relatively lower incidence rates in children and adolescents than in adults, evidence has shown that some infected children and adolescents exhibit severe post-inflammatory response known as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), followed by acute kidney injury, a common complication of MIS-C. Meanwhile, sparse reports have been available regarding kidney complications, such as idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, and other glomerulopathies associated with COVID-19 infection and vaccination in children and adolescents. However, the morbidity and mortality of these complications do not appear to be particularly high, and more importantly, the causality has yet to be clearly established. Finally, vaccine hesitancy in these age groups should be addressed considering the strong evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine.