Type 1 diabetes could begin with alterations in innate anti-viral immunity, which are already at this stage associated with HLA risk haplotypes.
Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews（2023）
Abstract
Expression of innate anti-viral immune pathway genes was increased in individuals with predisposing HLA risk haplotypes and those with high HbA1c. This indicates that type 1 diabetes might well begin with alterations in innate anti-viral immunity, and already at this stage be associated with HLA risk haplotypes.
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Key words
enterovirus, HbA1c, HLA distribution, innate antiviral immunity, TLR7, type 1 diabetes
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