Comorbidities are associated with self-reported sleep-disordered breathing and insomnia: a cross-sectional study from China

Purpose We aimed to examine the associations of comorbidities with self-reported sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and insomnia among Chinese adults. Methods The study used data from a community-based cross-sectional survey performed in China in 2018–2020. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations of 12 comorbidities with SDB and insomnia. Results A total of 4329 Han Chinese adults aged ≥ 18 years were enrolled. Of these, 1970 (45.5%) were male, with a median age of 48 years (interquartile range: 34–59). Compared with the participants without any conditions, adjusted ORs for SDB and insomnia for those with ≥ 4 comorbidities were 2.33 (95% CI: 1.58, 3.43, P -trend < 0.001) and 3.89 (95% CI: 2.69, 5.64, P -trend < 0.001), respectively. Seven comorbidities (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease (CHD), bone and joint disease, neck or lumbar disease, chronic digestive diseases, and chronic urological disease) were positively associated with both SDB and insomnia. Cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were also independently associated with insomnia. Of all comorbidities, cancer was most strongly associated with insomnia (OR = 3.16; 95% CI: 1.78, 5.63; P < 0.001), and CHD was most strongly associated with SDB (OR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.19, 2.64; P < 0.001). Conclusions The findings showed that adults with an increasing number of comorbidities had higher odds for SDB and insomnia, which were independent of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.