Patient–healthcare provider communication and age-related hearing loss: a qualitative study of patients’ perspectives

Background The prevalence of age-related hearing loss (ARHL) significantly increases in people aged 60 and older. Medical errors are frequently reported because of communication breakdown, especially for patients with ARHL. Aims This qualitative study focuses on identifying the communication challenges faced by people aged over 65 with ARHL and potential ameliorative strategies based on the participants’ personal experiences. Methods Thirteen participants, attending a support service for older adults with hearing loss in the South of Ireland, were recruited using convenience sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed using NVivo 12 software. Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis methodology was used to identify themes arising from two main study domains: difficulties faced during the most recent healthcare interaction and suggestions for improving overall healthcare communication. Results Older adults with hearing loss identified general mishearing, lack of awareness and use of medical terminology to be the cause of ineffective communication. Raising awareness of the impact of presbycusis on clinical interaction among healthcare professionals was cited as being of crucial importance. Other helpful strategies include repeat and rephrase, use of written information, providing context, minimizing ambient noise, continuity of care, longer consultation length and good body language. Conclusion Effective clinical communication can be achieved through a clear understanding of the patient’s perspective. Healthcare providers should be made aware of the hearing issues and associated communication difficulties posed, within the context of the development of patient-centred strategies to improve patient safety.