Universal evaluation of MLC models in treatment planning systems based on a common set of dynamic tests

•The feasibility of using a universal procedure based on synchronous and asynchronous sweeping gap tests for assessing the dosimetric characteristics of MLC models (transmission, radiation field offset, and tongue-and-groove effects) was demonstrated.•Measured dosimetric characteristics for each MLC type were nearly identical, with minimal differences between centres.•MLC models configured in TPSs, on the contrary, produced an enormous variability in calculated doses and large discrepancies in measured doses.•The proposed procedure facilitates a simple, comprehensive, and universal assessment of MLC models in treatment planning systems.•The procedure can be readily applied in radiotherapy departments and can be a valuable tool for IMRT and credentialing audits.