Protective effect of ursodeoxycholic acid and resveratrol against tacrolimus induced hepatotoxicity.

Tacrolimus (TAC) is a potent and well-tolerated immunosuppressive drug, but serious side effects including nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity have been reported. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and resveratrol (RSV) exhibit hepatoprotective effects in liver diseases. We investigated the hepatoprotective effect of UDCA and RSV against TAC induced hepatotoxicity. We divided 40 male rats into five equal groups: A) control group, B) TAC group, C) TAC + UDCA group, D) TAC + RSV group, E) TAC + UDCA + RSV group. We administered 0.5 mg/kg TAC once daily, 25 mg/kg UDCA twice daily and 10 mg/kg RSV once daily. The drugs in the experimental groups were given by gavage from the first day of the study and continued for 21 days. Histopathologic and biochemical analyses were performed on day 22. In group B, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), total oxidative status (TOS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were higher compared to group A, and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and total antioxidant status (TAS) were lower compared to group A. Severe cellular swelling, degeneration and focal necrosis were more evident in group B than in groups C-E. Histopathological improvement was observed in groups C-E, where UDCA and RSV were combined, compared to group B. We found that UDCA and RSV, together or separately, protected the liver against oxidative stress damage caused by TAC.