Fetuin A functionalisation of biodegradable PLLA- co -PEG nonwovens towards enhanced biomineralisation and osteoblastic growth behaviour.

Therapy for large-scale bone defects remains a major challenge in regenerative medicine. In this context, biodegradable electrospun nonwovens are a promising material to be applied as a temporary implantable scaffold as their fibre diameters are in the micro- and nanometre range and possess a high surface-to-volume ratio paired with high porosity. In this work, assessment of biodegradable PLLA--PEG nonwovens with fetuin A covalently anchored to the surface has been performed in terms of biomineralisation and the influence on MG-63 osteoblast cell metabolic activity, biosynthesis of type I collagen propeptide and inflammatory potential. Our finding was that covalent fetuin A funtionalisation of the nonwoven material leads to a distinct increase in calcium affinity, thus enhancing biomineralisation while maintaining the distinct fibre morphology of the nonwoven. The cell seeding experiments showed that the fetuin A functionalised and subsequently biomineralised PLLA--PEG nonwovens did not show negative effects on MG-63 growth. Fetuin A funtionalisation and enhanced biomineralisation supported cell attachment, leading to improved cell morphology, spreading and infiltration into the material. Furthermore, no signs of increase in the inflammatory potential of the material have been detected by flow cytometry experiments. Overall, this study provides a contribution towards the development of artificial scaffolds for guided bone regeneration with the potential to enhance osteoinduction and osteogenesis.