Selective Photodynamic Activity of Tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)porphyrins with and without Acetyl Protecting Groups on Cancer and Normal Cells.

Tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin (1) and tetrakis(4-acetamidophenyl)porphyrin (2) were dissolved in water with the incorporation of a polysaccharide (λ-carrageenan (CGN)) as a water-solubilizing agent. Although the photodynamic activity of the CGN-2 complex was considerably lower than that of the CGN-1 complex, the selectivity index (SI; IC50 in a normal cell/IC50 in a cancer cell) of the CGN-2 complex was considerably higher than that of the CGN-1 complex. This is because the photodynamic activity of the CGN-2 complex was significantly affected by the intracellular uptakes by the normal and cancer cells. During in vivo experiments, the CGN-2 complex inhibited tumor growth under light irradiation with high blood retention compared with the CGN-1 complex and Photofrin, which exhibited lower blood retention. This study showed that the photodynamic activity and SI are influenced by substituent groups of arene in the meso-positions of porphyrin analogs.