Comparison of the diagnostic performance of biparametric and multiparametric MRI in detecting muscle invasion of bladder cancer located at the ureteral orifice

Purpose To assess the diagnostic performance of biparametric magnetic resonance imaging (bp-MRI) in predicting detrusor muscle invasion for bladder cancer (BC) located at the ureteral orifice by comparing it with the Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) system based on multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI). Methods Patients with histopathologically proven BC located at the ureteral orifice from December 2019 to November 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. Two sets, bp-MRI (set 1) and mp-MRI (set 2), were formed from the images. Both sets were evaluated independent of histopathology by three radiologists with different levels of experience in abdominal radiology. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the diagnostic performance of VI-RADS in the prediction of muscle invasion. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate inter-reader agreement. Results Of 68 patients with BCs located at the ureteral orifice, 50 (48 males, median age: 72 years) met the study criteria. Out of the 50 patients, 36 had non-muscle invasive BC (pTa–T1) and 14 had muscle invasive BC (MIBC) (pT2–T4). In the comparison of VI-RADS categories with histopathologic data for MIBC detection, the area under the curve of the ROC analysis for the bp- and mp-MRI protocol was 1.000–0.986 for reader 1, 0.893–0.901 for reader 2, and 0.808–0.865 for reader 3. There was no statistically significant difference in predicting detrusor muscle invasion with the bp- and mp-MRI-based on VI-RADS categories for all readers ( p = 0.126, 0.203, and 0.322, respectively). The ICCs between all the readers showed excellent agreement and were similar for both protocols. Conclusion The bp-MRI consisting of DWI and T2-WI can be used as an alternative to the mp-MRI in predicting detrusor muscle invasion for BCs located at the ureteral orifice; however, less experienced readers should exercise caution. Graphical abstract