X-ray powder diffraction in education. Part II. Intensity of a powder pattern

This article is the second part of a series dealing with the description and visualization of mathematical functions used to describe a powder diffraction pattern for teaching and education purposes. The first part dealt with the instrumental and sample contributions to the profile of a Bragg peak [Dinnebier & Scardi (2021). J. Appl. Cryst. 54, 1811-1831]. The second part, here, deals with the mathematics and physics of the intensity in X-ray powder diffraction. Scholarly scripts are again provided using the Wolfram language in Mathematica.