The paleolacustrine significance of sedimentary nitrogen isotopes: A comparative study of late Holocene records in two lakes on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The bulk nitrogen isotope composition of lacustrine sediments can be a useful proxy of past climatic and environmental changes. We previously reconstructed paleoenvironmental histories recorded in sediments of Lake Ximencuo and Lake Ngoring, both located on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), using a suite of biogeochemical paleoclimate proxies that included the sedimentary 815Ntot values. We have revisited the different patterns of 815Ntot variations in the two lakes and now conclude that their isotopic trends over the last millennium have been controlled by multiple factors. Regional temperature evidently is one potential factor affecting the sedimentary 815Ntot values, indicating that the lake ecosystems respond to regional temperature changes on a sub-millennial timescale but in indirect and lake-specific ways. The processes involved in the sedimentary 815Ntot changes appear to be more strongly influenced by the shapes of lake basins and associated hydrologic characteristics that control the origins of nitrogen-containing compounds in the lakes. To help understand the dynamics of nitrogen cycling and nitrogen isotope records in the QTP lakes, we identified two patterns - a terrestrial nitrogen-controlled pattern (TNCP) that is observed in deeper, steep-walled glacial-basin lakes and an aquatic nitrogen-controlled pattern (ANCP) that is observed in shallower, tectonic-basin lakes. We also considered the influences of the "amount effect" and the "temperature effect" on sedimentary 815Ntot values and their possible operative mechanisms in these montane lakes. We postulate that both patterns are applicable to the QTP lakes, including both glacial and tectonic lakes, and probably to lakes in other regions that have also not experienced significant human disturbance.