Risk factors for 30-day readmission following shoulder arthroscopy: a systematic review

Background: Recently, there has been a rapid shift from open shoulder surgery to arthroscopic shoulder procedures for treating several shoulder pathologies. This shift is mainly due to reduced postoperative complications and 30-day readmission. Although the 30-day readmission rate is low, the risk still exists. One way to minimize the risk factors is to analyze all the risk factors contributing to the 30-day readmission following shoulder arthroscopy.Methods: Electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane library were searched. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Newcastle-Ottawa score was used for the quality assessment of individual studies. Two reviewers extracted data from the selected studies. Results were evaluated through narrative analysis and presented as an odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. A meta-analysis was not possible due to the heterogeneity in the available data.Results: A total of 12 studies evaluating 494,038 patients were selected in our review. All the studies have a low risk of bias (median 1/4 8). Significant factors predicting readmission included age, gender, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder), steroid use, smoking, preoperative opioid use, higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score (3 or higher), and general and regional anesthesia vs. regional anesthesia alone.Conclusion: Through our systematic review, we tried to identify risk factors that can predict 30-day readmission following shoulder arthroscopy. These include age > 65 years, COPD, steroid use, opioid use, and OR time > 90 mins. These high-risk patients could be triaged earlier by identifying these parameters, and effective pre and post-operative surveillance could minimize 30-day readmission risk following shoulder arthroscopy.