Ioxaglate Versus IoDixanol for the Prevention of Contrast-induced Nephropathy: The IDPC Trial

Background. Despite the potential benefits of percutaneous procedures for the assessment and treatment of coronary artery disease, these interventions require the use of iodine contrast, which might lead to contrast -induced nephropathy (CIN) and increased risk of dialysis and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Aims. We sought to compare two different iodine contrasts (low vs. iso-osmolar) for the prevention of CIN among high -risk patients. Methods. This is a single -center, randomized (1:1) trial comparing consecutive patients at high risk for CIN referred to percutaneous coronary diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedures with low (ioxaglate) vs iso-osmolarity (iodixanol) iodine contrast. High risk was defined by the presence of at least one of the following conditions: age >70 years, diabetes mellitus, non-dialytic chronic kidney disease, chronic heart failure, cardiogenic shock, and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The primary endpoint was the occurrence of CIN, defined as a >25% relative increase and/or >0.5 mg/dL absolute increase in creatinine (Cr) levels compared with baseline between the 2nd and 5th day after contrast media administration. Results. A total of 2268 patients were enrolled. Mean age was 67 years. Diabetes mellitus (53%), non-dialytic chronic kidney disease (31%), and ACS (39%) were highly prevalent. The mean volume of contrast media was 89 ml +/- 48.6. CIN occurred in 15% of all patients, with no significant difference regarding the type of contrast used (iso = 15.2% vs low = 15.1%, P >.99). Differences were not observed in specific subgroups such as diabetics, elderly, and ACS patients. At 30 -day follow-up, 13 patients in the isoosmolarity group and 11 in low-osmolarity group required dialysis (P =.8). There were 37 (3.3%) deaths in the iso-osmolarity cohort vs 29 (2.6%) in the low-osmolarity group (P =.4). Conclusion. Among patients at high risk for CIN, the incidence of this complication was 15%, and independent of the use of low- or iso-osmolar contrast.