Clinical relevance and distribution of Helicobacter pylori virulence factors in isolates from Chinese patients.

These results suggested that the universal presence of , , s1, , , and made it impossible to examine disease-specific associations with any of these virulence factors. In addition, they may synergistically contribute to more virulent strains and severe diseases in China. Furthermore, there was a strong association between the gene and progression to GC, indicating the potential application of other virulence factors in clinical detection.