Serum folate deficiency and associated factors among pregnant women in Haramaya District, Eastern Ethiopia: a community-based study

ObjectivesWe aimed to estimate the prevalence of folate deficiency and contributing factors among pregnant women.DesignA community-based, cross-sectional study.SettingHaramaya District, Eastern Ethiopia.ParticipantsFour hundred and forty-six pregnant women participated in the study.Primary outcome measureThe prevalence of folate deficiency and risk factors.ResultsOverall, the prevalence of folate deficiency was 49.3% (95% CI 44.6% to 54.1%). Pregnant women with iron deficiency anaemia were 2.94 times more likely to develop folate deficiency (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.9, 95% CI 1.9 to 4.7). Respondents with good knowledge of folate-rich foods (AOR=0.3, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.7) and those who took iron and folic acid supplementation (AOR=0.6, 95% CI 0.4 to 0.9) during their pregnancy were less likely to develop folate deficiency.ConclusionsIn this study, a considerable proportion of pregnant women had folate deficiency during their pregnancy. Therefore, it is critical that nutritional treatment, education and counselling be strengthened to facilitate iron and folic acid supplementation during pregnancy.