β1-Integrin blockade prevents podocyte injury in experimental models of minimal change disease

Introduction: Activation of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in podocytes is involved in the pathogenesis of minimal change disease (MCD), but the pathway leading to its activation in this disease is unknown. Here, we tested whether podocyte beta 1 integrin is the upstream modulator of FAK activation and podocyte injury in experimental models of MCD-like injury. Methods: We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and MCD sera to induce MCD-like changes in vivo and in cultured human podocytes, respectively. We performed functional studies using specific beta 1 integrin inhibitors in vivo and in vitro, and integrated histological analysis, western blotting, and immunofluorescence to assess for morphological and molecular changes in podocytes. By ELISA, we measured serum LPS levels in 35 children with MCD or presumed MCD (idiopathic nephrotic syndrome [INS]) and in 18 healthy controls. Results: LPS-injected mice showed morphological (foot process effacement, and normal appearing glomeruli on light microscopy) and molecular features (synaptopodin loss, nephrin mislocalization, FAK phosphorylation) characteristic of human MCD. Administration of a beta 1 integrin inhibitor to mice abrogated FAK phosphorylation, and ameliorated proteinuria and podocyte injury following LPS. Children with MCD/INS in relapse had higher serum LPS levels than controls. In cultured human podocytes, beta 1 integrin blockade prevented cytoskeletal rearrangements following exposure to MCD sera in relapse. Conclusions: Podocyte beta 1 integrin activation is an upstream mediator of FAK phosphorylation and podocyte injury in models of MCD-like injury. (c) 2022 Sociedad Espa niola de Nefrologia. Published by Elsevier Espa nia, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/4.0/).