Spatial layout siting method for fire stations based on comprehensive forest fire risk distribution

In order to shorten the response time of forest fire (FF) rescue and improve the efficiency of forest fire prevention and control, this paper proposes a fire station spatial layout location method based on the spatial distribution of FF comprehensive risk. A comprehensive forest fire risk assessment model has been developed by three perspectives, namely the risk factors of forest fires, exposure degree of the disaster-bearing body, and vulnerability of the disaster-bearing body. The location-assignment model was introduced to scientifically plan the spatial layout of FF stations from different perspectives. Zhuhai in Guangdong Province, China, a typical “city surrounded by mountains,” was chosen as the research site for case analysis. The results show that the high-risk areas of Zhuhai are mainly concentrated in the forests of Xiangzhou District and Gaoxin District; the medium-risk areas mainly lie in the forests in the north of Gaoxin District, the forests of Hengqin Zone and some forests of Doumen District. Through a combination of the minimized facility point model and the maximized coverage model, it is calculated that 9 FF stations are the optimal choice, which can meet Zhuhai's demand for FF prevention and control with an acceptable construction cost and good coverage.