Genome structure and evolution ofAntirrhnum majusL

AbstractSnapdragon (Antirrhinum majusL.), a member of Plantaginaceae, is an important model for plant genetics and molecular studies on plant growth and development, transposon biology and self-incompatibility. Here we report a high-quality genome assembly ofA. majuscultivated JI7 (A. majuscv.JI7) of a 510 Mb with 37,714 annotated protein-coding genes. The scaffolds covering 97.12% of the assembled genome were anchored on 8 chromosomes. Comparative and evolutionary analyses revealed that Plantaginaceae and Solanaceae diverged from their most recent ancestor around 62 million years ago (MYA). We also revealed the genetic architectures associated with complex traits such as flower asymmetry and self-incompatibility including a unique TCP duplication around 46-49 MYA and a near completeψS-locus of ca.2 Mb. The genome sequence obtained in this study not only provides the first genome sequenced from Plantaginaceae but also bring the popular plant model system ofAntirrhinuminto a genomic age.