A systematic review of hybrid superconducting magnetic/battery energy storage systems: Applications, control strategies, benefits, limitations and future prospects

Employment of properly controlled energy storage technologies can improve power systems’ resilience and cost-effective operation. However, none of the existing storage types can respond optimally under all circumstances. In fact, the performance of a standalone storage solution is limited mainly by its energy and power density, response speed, lifetime, and cost. On the contrary, the hybrid energy storage systems are composed of two or more storage types, usually with complementary features to achieve superior performance under different operating conditions. In recent years, hybrid systems with superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) and battery storage have been proposed for various applications. However, the literature lacks a review that specifically focuses on these systems. To fill this gap, this study systematically reviews 63 relevant works published from 2010 to 2022 using the PRISMA protocol and discusses the recent developments, benefits and limitations of such systems, to point out their potential role in the energy storage landscape. Based on literature review, their converter topologies, applications, and control strategies are presented and classified. Features and limitations of the control algorithms are highlighted through critical analysis, to provide insights for researchers in the field of power system control. Additionally, a triple-criteria qualitative assessment of the control schemes for battery lifetime extension is presented, which can be considered as a key merit of SMES/battery hybridization. Finally, the current deficiencies and gaps of the under-study hybrid systems are comprehensively identified and critically discussed. These current deficiencies and gaps are potential topics for future technological improvements and scientific research.