Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III): A promising additive for perovskite precursors in carbon-based perovskite solar cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) that use carbon electrodes and low-temperature processed electron transport layers (ETLs) show great promise in meeting global energy needs at an affordable price. Our current research is focused on the development of carbon-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) that incorporate low-temperature titanium oxide electron transport layers (ETLs) to enhance their photovoltaic performance. In our approach, we introduce potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) material into the pre-solution of the MAPbI3 perovskite to fabricate a lightharvesting layer. This promising technique has shown great potential in improving the overall performance of PSCs. This additive reduces the formation of non-radiative recombination centers, resulting in a perovskite layer that is desirable and free from defects. Furthermore, photovoltaic devices based on potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) exhibit reduced transfer resistance, leading to faster charge transfer at the interfaces of TiO2/perovskite and perovskite/carbon electrodes. As a result, the efficiency of PSCs can be improved by up to 14.89%, which is significantly higher than the recorded efficiency of unmodified PSCs at 12.05%. In addition, PSCs based on potassium hexacyanoferrate show greater stability in ambient air compared to their unmodified counterparts.