Numerical investigation of toxic free perovskite solar cells for achieving high efficiency

Increasing efficiency, simple and inexpensive fabrication process and flexibility nature of organic metal halide perovskite (PVK) based solar cell has fascinated the researchers around the globe. However, Lead, a poisonous substance in PVK solar cell causes various issues which directly or indirectly impact the environment as well as the health of living things. It prevents the commercialization of PVK based solar cell. To overcome this, a number of lead-free perovskite solar cell has been designed and fabricated. But the conversion efficiency is still not up to par because of intrinsic losses. In order to improve the efficiency, a thorough theoretical investigation is required that can reveal the cause behind these losses. In this study a special PVK material named methylammonium tin iodide (MASnI3) is used in simulation platform to design a highly efficient organic lead-free solar cell. This study focuses on the optimization of active layer thickness, working temperature, capacitance-voltage (C-V), and impedance and defect density, as they plays major roles in determining the performance of toxic free organic PVK solar cell. The study confirms an high efficiency (η) of 24.22% at the optimized condition. Such high efficiency with an optimized structure can open a door for the commercialization of lead free PVK based solar cell.