ID: 219864 Hierarchical Surface Restructuring for Next Generation Neural Interfacing Applications

Selective and targeted stimulation of small populations of neurons in close proximity to implantable electrodes is an essential prerequisite for their success. Additionally, the trajectory for further refinement of neural interfacing devices is in large part predicated on increased miniaturization of electrodes that enables higher spatial resolution, precision, and reliability. To achieve miniaturization, the geometric surface area of the electrodes must be reduced while the electrochemical surface area is increased. Therefore, availability of highly electroactive electrode materials or surfaces capable of improving the electrodes’ electrochemical performance is paramount as it ensures delivery of enough charge across the electrode/tissue interface for stimulation as well as low impedance at the interface for sensing and recording purposes. In the past two decades, several surface treatment technologies e.g., coatings, thin films, nanomaterials, physical and electrochemical techniques have been vastly investigated. Despite varying degrees of improvement in electrochemical performance, most of these techniques are still facing several challenges and shortcomings, e.g., poor performance and durability, manufacturing, scalability, and commercialization challenges. In this research, a proprietary, innovative, tunable, scalable, and commercially viable electrode surface treatment technology (hierarchical surface restructuring) is introduced.