Predicting the cost of a 24 V soluble lead flow battery optimised for PV applications

Providing reliable electricity from small-scale renewable power is an important challenge for emerging economies. The soluble lead flow battery (SLFB) is a promising battery for this application, as it has a simple architecture making it relatively robust, and a lifetime of 2000 cycles demonstrated at the cell level. Also, the electrolyte is manufacturable directly from spent lead acid batteries. There is a need for techno-economic models to allow the cost/performance of a complete system to be defined and optimised.