A comprehensive review on recent developments in the graphene quantum dot framework for organic transformations

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), a rare form of nanocarbon, have become crucial catalysts for all aspects of synthetic organic chemistry due to their large surface area and rapid electron movement. Additionally, understanding how GQDs function as catalysts is essential for the rational development of high-performance heterogeneous catalysts based on GQDs and GQD-based composites for green chemistry. This article provides a summary of recent research on heterogeneous GQD-based catalysts for use in synthetic organic chemistry. These catalysts are utilized to accelerate a variety of transformations and reactions involving heterocyclic molecules and coupling reactions. Furthermore, the discussion explains that GQD-based catalysts are superior to conventional catalysts because they are more stable, selective, and reusable. In addition, it discusses the issues encountered when creating these catalysts and suggests potential solutions. This article examines the various methods by which GQD-based catalysts can be utilized, as well as the benefits and drawbacks associated with each. (c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.