Classification, summarization and perspective on modeling techniques for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel cell (PEMFC) model is helpful to understand the physical and chemical properties of the PEMFC and predict the performance of the PEMFC under different working conditions. Moreover, it can also provide essential references for evaluating new designs, new materials, and new control strategies. This paper specifically discusses PEMFC modeling at different scales, including single cell scale, stack scale and system scale. In addition, the main modeling approaches of the PEMFC are introduced in-depth, including mechanism approach, empirical approach, semi-empirical approach, equivalent circuit approach, and data-driven approach. The relationship between modeling approaches and different modeling scales is also discussed. At the same time, according to the different characteristics of the model, the modeling research in the last decade is summarized. On this basis, the development trend of the PEMFC modeling research is further analyzed by the statistical analysis method.