Lunar active seismic profiler for investigating shallow substrates of the Moon and other extraterrestrial environments
ICARUS(2023)
摘要
To investigate the structures and properties of shallow material in extraterrestrial environments, we have developed a lunar active seismic profiler (LASP), which integrates active seismic sources and receivers in a short (-1 m) array that can be deployed on a rover. The small active source generates a chirp waveform that sweeps over a wide frequency range (20-250 Hz). The receivers are coupled to the ground by their own weight, but nevertheless deliver acceptable performance. We improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic signal by stacking waveforms, enabling a minimal source to support the exploration of geological substrates. By processing shot gather of the LASP data, we calculated a dispersion curve of surface waves and obtained an accurate S-wave velocity profile from surface to 1 m depth. The results suggest that regions with even small amounts of subsurface ice (-0.5 wt%) can be identified in LASP results by their anomalously high S-wave velocity. Field experiments demonstrate that the LASP can support estimates of 3D S-wave velocity distributions and the identification of a buried geological boundary. The LASP also detected different degrees of compaction at the experimental site. If two rovers carry these profilers, or if a single rover combines one with a separately deployed receiver or active seismic source, seismic refraction and seismic reflection analyses can be conducted simultaneously in addition to surface wave analyses. These seismic surveys for longer-offset data achieve the exploration of deeper substrates in extraterrestrial settings such as the Moon, Mars, and other solid bodies.
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关键词
Moon,interior,Mars,Instrumentation,Geophysics,Regoliths
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