Rotation-age effects of subsoiling, fertilization, and weed control on radiata pine growth at sites with contrasting soil physical, nutrient, and water limitations

•Response to establishment silvicultural treatment varied over time and location.•Weed control increased growth at all sites through onset of self-thinning.•Subsoiling reduced growth at all sites.•If no soil physical limitations exist, weed control is recommended over subsoiling.•Productive sites may require thinning to capture early responses.