Occurrence and risk assessments of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in tea bags from India

The presence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment continues to raise safety concerns due to their widespread presence, durability, ability to accumulate in the body, and potential health effects at low concentrations. Given the widespread consumption of tea, it is important to understand if it could be a source of PFAS exposure. In this study, 108 tea bag samples were collected from the Indian market and analyzed for the presence of 12 PFAS using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results showed that 90% of the samples contained detectable levels of PFAS, with concentrations ranging from More