Indicator system and evaluation method for technology development maturity of P2X

This paper studies the technological maturity of five Power to X (P2X) technologies: power-to-heat, power-to-refrigeration, power-to-hydrogen, power-to-ammonia and power-to-methane. First, a general three-level indicator system applicable to different P2X technologies is proposed from three dimensions: technical-economic value, technical performance, and social and environmental impacts. Next, a weighting method combining the ordering relation method and the entropy weight method, which integrates subjective and objective weighting methods, is adopted to determine the indicator weight. Then, the five P2X technologies are comprehensively evaluated and compared. The results show that the indicator weight determination and indicator standardization method can effectively deal with multi-level indicator system. The overall score of power-to-heat/refrigeration is significantly higher than that of the other three P2X technologies, while the overall score of power-to-hydrogen is higher than that of power-to-ammonia and power-to-methane. Both power-to-ammonia and power-to-methane technologies get lower scores, indicating that these two technologies have not yet reached the mature stage.