Ultrasound-guided transforaminal epidural injection with fluoroscopy confirmation for the treatment of unilateral lumbar radiculopathy: A randomized controlled non-inferiority study

•A randomized comparative analysis of US- and FL-guided lumbar transforaminal epidural injections (TFEIs) for lumbar radiculopathy (LRP).•Lumbar epidural injections using transforaminal approach under US guidance was described.•Advantages of US technique included avoidance of inadvertent intravascular injection, absence of radiation and short operation time.•US-guided LTFEI verified by FL was not inferior to FL method in terms of accurate rate, pain relief efficacy and functional ability improvement.