Influence of synthesized nanomaterials in the strength and durability of cementitious composites

The development of high-performance materials has been prompted by a constantly expanding infrastructure with complex technical constraints. Performance modification of cement composites using nanoparticles has been thoroughly researched to address demands in the construction industry. This cutting-edge review examines the various parameters of cement composites, such as fresh properties, mechanical properties, and durability characteristics that can be improved using synthesized nanomaterials such as nano-SiO2, nano-Al2O3, graphene oxide, and carbon nanotubes, as well as their inherent limitations. Based on the detailed review, the ideal replacement levels of nano-SiO2 (1-4 wt%), nano-Al2O3 (1-3 wt%), graphene oxide (0.05-0.1 wt %), and carbon nanotubes (0.1-0.5 wt%) can be recommended for the practical applications. It has been noted that the addition of synthesized nanomaterials tends to lower the workability of cement composites. However, nanoalumina, graphene oxide, nano-silica, and carbon nanotubes improve mechanical qualities such as compressive strength, flexural strength, and resistance to abrasion of the blended cementitious system at an optimum replacement level. Similarly, resistance against chemical attacks was imporved with the addition nano-silica, while the addition of graphene oxide in cement is more effective against chloride migration and fire exposure. The overall effect of synthesized nanomaterials is also compared in the study.