Antibody-drug conjugates, immune-checkpoint inhibitors, and their combination in advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) is an incurable disease. The effort to develop treatments with more effective systemic agents continues. This has led to the FDA approval of one antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) and eight immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for patients with aNSCLC. Due to the demonstrated efficacy of ADCs and ICIs in aNSCLC, treatment combining both agents merits attention. This article, therefore, explores the use of ADCs and ICIs in patients with NSCLC, assesses the scientific rationale for combination treatment, and provides an overview of ongoing trials. It also presents some early efficacy and safety results of such combination use. It is not clear whether ADC-immunotherapy has a significant impact on those with a targetable oncogenic driver alteration since targeted therapies are effective. However, in aNSCLC without a targetable oncogenic driver alteration, the combination of ADCs and ICIs has potential and remains an area of active clinical research.